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-19-Jul-01 ;SMJ+====== TOPS-20 Starter Guide for UNIX users ======
  
-       -= TOPS-20 Starter Guide for UNIX users =-+//[Adapted from file %%TOPS20:<HELP>NEW-USER.HLP.11%%.]//
  
 Its important to know these basics before continuing: Its important to know these basics before continuing:
  
-^S = CTRL-S  pause ouput +| %%^S%% | CTRL-S | pause ouput | 
-^Q = CTRL-Q  unpause output +| %%^Q%% | CTRL-Q | unpause output <- **NOTE THIS IF YOUR SCREEN IS PAUSED!** | 
-^O = CTRL-O  ignore output +| %%^O%% | CTRL-O | ignore output | 
-^U = CTRL-U  clear input +| %%^U%% | CTRL-U | clear input | 
-^C = CTRL-C  quits a job +| %%^C%% | CTRL-C | quits a job | 
-^F = CTRL-F  completion (try <ESC> too) +| %%^F%% | CTRL-F | completion (try <ESC> too) | 
-^T = CTRL-T  Job Status +| %%^T%% | CTRL-T | Job Status | 
-^\ = CTRL-\  When running 'LOGOUT' use this to close TELNET+| %%^\%% | CTRL-\ | When running 'LOGOUT' use this to close TELNET |
  
 This document is written assuming that the reader has a basic This document is written assuming that the reader has a basic
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 EXEC has command completion via <ESC> or ^F EXEC has command completion via <ESC> or ^F
-EXEC has command recognition (use ? to have EXEC tell you +EXEC has command recognition - use ? to have EXEC tell you mapped completions)
-                              mapped completions)+
  
 CMD JSYS, the interactive bit of the MONITOR ('kernel') CMD JSYS, the interactive bit of the MONITOR ('kernel')
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 program or job. program or job.
  
-TOPS-20 supports a hiearchical filesystem.  PS: (primary+TOPS-20 supports a hierarchical filesystem.  PS: (primary
 storage) is the system's main device (similar to / or root). storage) is the system's main device (similar to / or root).
-Directory paths are seperated by '.' .. for instance, say+Directory paths are separated by '.'. For instance, say
 your LOGIN was 'SMJ'.  Your home directory would be: your LOGIN was 'SMJ'.  Your home directory would be:
  
-PS:<SMJ>           (/smj)+  PS:<SMJ>           (/smj)
  
 Say there was a subdirectory within your home directory Say there was a subdirectory within your home directory
 called LISP: called LISP:
  
-PS:<SMJ.LISP>      (/smj/lisp)+  PS:<SMJ.LISP>      (/smj/lisp)
  
 TOPS-20's file system supports file versioning and TOPS-20's file system supports file versioning and
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 three components: three components:
  
-FILENAME.EXTENTION.VERSION+  FILENAME.EXTENTION.VERSION
  
 The Wildcard * can be used for instance: The Wildcard * can be used for instance:
  
-@directory PS:<SMJ>*.*.*+  @directory PS:<SMJ>*.*.*
  
 Would list ALL files in that directory, if you only gave Would list ALL files in that directory, if you only gave
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 listed. listed.
  
-QUICK AND DIRTY COMPARISONS:+===== Quick and Dirty Comparisons =====
  
-UNIX              TOPS-20 +^ UNIX ^ TOPS-20 ^ 
------------------------------------------ +| talk | TALK | 
-talk              TALK +| mesg n | REFUSE LINKS | 
-mesg n            REFUSE LINKS +| mesg y | RECEIVE LINKS | 
-mesg y            RECEIVE LINKS +| ls | DIRECTORY | 
-ls                DIRECTORY +| ls -la | VDIRECTORY | 
-ls -la            VDIRECTORY +| cat | TYPE | 
-cat               TYPE +| rm | DELETE (EXPUNGE) | 
-rm                DELETE (EXPUNGE) +| mkdir | BUILD | 
-mkdir             BUILD +| rmdir | BUILD | 
-rmdir             BUILD +| who | SYSTAT | 
-who               SYSTAT +| ps | SYSTAT | 
-ps                SYSTAT +| passwd | SET DIRECTORY PASSWORD | 
-passwd            SET DIRECTORY PASSWORD +| chmod | SET DIRECTORY PROTECTION \\ SET FILE PROTECTION | 
-chmod             SET DIRECTORY PROTECTION +| man | HELP | 
-                  SET FILE PROTECTION +| .profile | LOGIN.CMD | 
-man               HELP +| .plan | FINGER.PLAN | 
-.profile          LOGIN.CMD +| send | SEND | 
-.plan             FINGER.PLAN +| mail (sending) | SEND | 
-send              SEND +| mail (reading) | MM |
-mail (sending)    SEND +
-mail (reading)    MM+
  
 +^ **Linux Command** ^ **Description**                         ^ **TOPS-20 Command**        ^ **Description**                                          ^
 +| `ls`              | List directory contents                 | `DIR`                      | List directory contents                                  |
 +| `cd`              | Change directory                        | `CONNECT`                  | Change directory                                         |
 +| `cp`              | Copy files and directories              | `COPY`                     | Copy files                                               |
 +| `mv`              | Move/rename files and directories       | `RENAME`                   | Rename files                                             |
 +| `rm`              | Remove files or directories             | `DELETE`                   | Delete files                                             |
 +| `mkdir`           | Make directories                        | `CREATE DIRECTORY`         | Create a new directory                                   |
 +| `rmdir`           | Remove empty directories                | `DELETE DIRECTORY`         | Delete a directory                                       |
 +| `pwd`             | Print working directory                 | `INFO DIRECTORY`           | Display current directory                                |
  
-QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:+^ **Linux Command** ^ **Description**                         ^ **TOPS-20 Command**        ^ **Description**                                          ^ 
 +| `cat`             | Concatenate and display files           | `TYPE`                     | Display contents of a file                               | 
 +| `more`            | View file contents one screen at a time | `TYPE` / `MORE`            | Display file contents, paginated                         | 
 +| `less`            | View file contents with navigation      | `TYPE` / `MORE`            | Display file contents, paginated                         | 
 +| `vi` or `vim`     | Text editor                             | `EDIT` or `TECO`           | Edit a file                                              | 
 +| `nano`            | Simple text editor                      | `EDIT` or `TECO`           | Edit a file                                              |
  
-0. How do I connect and LOGIN?+^ **Linux Command** ^ **Description**                         ^ **TOPS-20 Command**        ^ **Description**                                          ^ 
 +| `df`              | Report file system disk space usage     | `INFO DISK-USAGE`          | Show disk usage                                          | 
 +| `du`              | Disk usage of files and directories     | `INFO FILE-USAGE`          | Show disk usage of files                                 | 
 +| `mount`           | Mount a file system                     | `MOUNT`                    | Mount a file system                                      | 
 +| `umount`          | Unmount a file system                   | `DISMOUNT`                 | Unmount a file system                                    |
  
-   TELNET to twenex.org+^ **Linux Command** ^ **Description**                         ^ **TOPS-20 Command**        ^ **Description**                                          ^ 
 +| `ps`              | Report a snapshot of current processes  | `STATUS`                   | Show process status                                      | 
 +| `top`             | Display tasks                           | `INFO JOBS`                | Display information about jobs                           | 
 +| `kill`            | Terminate a process                     | `KILL`                     | Terminate a process                                      | 
 +| `bg`              | Run a job in the background             | `CONTINUE`                 | Continue a stopped job                                   | 
 +| `fg`              | Bring a job to the foreground           | `ATTACH`                   | Attach to a job                                          | 
 +| `jobs`            | List active jobs                        | `INFO JOBS`                | List active jobs                                         | 
 + 
 +^ **Linux Command** ^ **Description**                         ^ **TOPS-20 Command**        ^ **Description**                                          ^ 
 +| `uname`           | Print system information                | `INFO SYSTEM`              | Display system information                               | 
 +| `hostname`        | Show or set the system's hostname       | `INFO SYSTEM`              | Display system hostname                                  | 
 +| `uptime`          | Show how long the system has been running| `INFO SYSTEM`              | Display system uptime                                    | 
 + 
 +^ **Linux Command** ^ **Description**                         ^ **TOPS-20 Command**        ^ **Description**                                          ^ 
 +| `ping`            | Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts | `PING`                     | Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts                  | 
 +| `ssh`             | OpenSSH SSH client                      | `EXECUTE` or `RUN`         | Connect to another system (via EXEC)                     | 
 +| `ftp`             | File Transfer Protocol client           | `FTPC`                     | FTP client                                               | 
 +| `netstat`         | Print network connections, routing tables| `INFO NETWORK`             | Show network status                                      | 
 + 
 +^ **Linux Command** ^ **Description**                         ^ **TOPS-20 Command**        ^ **Description**                                          ^ 
 +| `who`             | Show who is logged on                   | `WHO`                      | Show who is logged on                                    | 
 +| `passwd`          | Change user password                    | `SET PASSWORD`             | Change user password                                     | 
 +| `su`              | Substitute user                         | `LOGIN`                    | Log in as another user                                   | 
 + 
 + 
 +===== Questions and Answers ===== 
 + 
 +==== 0. How do I connect and LOGIN? ==== 
 + 
 +   ssh twenex@sdf.org
  
    @LOGIN USERNAME PASSWORD          ;your password won't echo.    @LOGIN USERNAME PASSWORD          ;your password won't echo.
  
-1. How do I set my password after logging in?+==== 1. How do I set my password after logging in? ==== 
  
    @SET DIRECTORY PASSWORD <LOGIN>   ;where LOGIN is your LOGIN.    @SET DIRECTORY PASSWORD <LOGIN>   ;where LOGIN is your LOGIN.
  
-2. Does it have to be UPPERCASE?+==== 2. Does it have to be UPPERCASE? ====
  
-   no.  TOPS-20 assumes you are using a printing TTY when you +No.  TOPS-20 assumes you are using a printing TTY when you connect via the DZ11 terminal server.  To set up your terminal options, use the 'TERMINAL' command.  Typically you will put these TERMINAL commands in your 'LOGIN.CMD'
-   connect via the DZ11 terminal server.  To set up your +
-   terminal options, use the 'TERMINAL' command.  Typically +
-   you will put these TERMINAL commands in your 'LOGIN.CMD'+
  
    @TERMINAL NO RAISE   ;this will set lowercase    @TERMINAL NO RAISE   ;this will set lowercase
    @TERMINAL ?          ;this will give you a list of TTY options    @TERMINAL ?          ;this will give you a list of TTY options
  
-3. How do I get more HELP?+==== 3. How do I get more HELP? ====
  
-   Read this file again.  Type @? and @HELP ?+Read this file again.  Type @? and @HELP ?
  
-4. What editors are available for TOPS-20+==== 4. What editors are available for TOPS-20 ====
  
-   Lots!  Currently we have SED, EDIT10 and TV (video TECO). +Lots!  Currently we have SED, EDIT10 and TV (video TECO). I will add EMACS, TECO and vi when I can.
-   I will add EMACS, TECO and vi when I can.+
  
-5. How do I access EXEC command history or edit previous commands?+==== 5. How do I access EXEC command history or edit previous commands? ====
  
-   EXEC command history/editing must be setup by issuing the following +EXEC command history/editing must be setup by issuing the following SET commands:
-   SET commands:+
  
    SET HISTORY 100    SET HISTORY 100
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    SET COMMAND-EDITOR ENTER CONTROL "P"    SET COMMAND-EDITOR ENTER CONTROL "P"
  
-   You can put these SET commands in your LOGIN.CMD and in most +You can put these SET commands in your LOGIN.CMD and in most cases (on TWENEX.ORG) this is included in your default LOGIN.CMD
-   cases (on TWENEX.ORG) this is included in your default LOGIN.CMD+
  
-   To access your command history, press ^P (CTRL P), you can then +To access your command history, press ^P (CTRL P), you can then use EMACS keys to edit your previous commands.  Pressing RETURN will issue the command via the current EXEC.
-   use EMACS keys to edit your previous commands.  Pressing RETURN +
-   will issue the command via the current EXEC.+
  
-   To re-issue the last command issued, you can type 'REDO'.  Not +To re-issue the last command issued, you can type 'REDO'.  Not related, but relevant, you can return to the last program run (which is still in memory) by typing 'REENTER'
-   related, but relevant, you can return to the last program run +
-   (which is still in memory) by typing 'REENTER'+
  
-6. What GAMES are available on this system?+==== 6. What GAMES are available on this system? ====
  
-   We have many esoteric and classic games available on this system.+We have many esoteric and classic games available on this system.
  
-   To get a list and a description of each game, type 'HELP GAMES'+To get a list and a description of each game, type 'HELP GAMES'
  
-7. How can I host a website here?+==== 7. How can I host a website here? ====
  
-   Simply run the following command substituting your system LOGIN +//[The twenex.org TOPS-20 web server is currently not in operation. This section is left for historical interest.]// 
-   for 'LOGIN'.  This creates the sub-directory 'HTML'.+ 
 +Simply run the following command substituting your system LOGIN for 'LOGIN'.  This creates the sub-directory 'HTML'.
  
    @BUILD <LOGIN.HTML>    @BUILD <LOGIN.HTML>
  
-   Either edit your .HTML files in that directory or upload them +Either edit your .HTML files in that directory or upload them using FTP.  Your URL will be HTTP://TWENEX.ORG/~LOGIN
-   using FTP.  Your URL will be HTTP://TWENEX.ORG/~LOGIN+
  
-8. How does DIRECTORY and FILE PROTECTION work?+==== 8. How does DIRECTORY and FILE PROTECTION work? ====
  
-   TOPS-20 allows for 18bit DIRECTORY and FILE protection settings 
-   which includes features found under 9bit UNIX 'permissions' as 
-   well as additional protections which are uniquely TOPS-20. 
  
-   FOR FILES:+TOPS-20 allows for 18bit DIRECTORY and FILE protection settings which includes features found under 9bit UNIX 'permissions' as well as additional protections which are uniquely TOPS-20.
  
-   OCTAL   PROPERTY +**For files:**
-   -------------------- +
-      77   FULL ACCESS +
-      40   READ +
-      20   WRITE/DELETE +
-      10   EXECUTE +
-      04   APPEND +
-      02   LIST +
-      00   NO ACCESS+
  
 +^ OCTAL ^ PERMISSION ^
 +| 77 | Full access |
 +| 40 | Read |
 +| 20 | Write/Delete |
 +| 10 | Execute |
 +| 04 | Append |
 +| 02 | Find file with wildcard |
 +| 00 | Find only with complete file name; no other access |
  
-   FOR DIRECTORIES: 
-   OCTAL   PROPERTY 
-   -------------------- 
-      77   FULL ACCESS 
-      40   READ 
-      10   CONNECT 
-      04   BUILD 
-      00   NO ACCESS 
  
 +**For directories:**
  
-   PROTECTIONS are grouped together in a set of 3, and correspond as:+^ OCTAL ^ PERMISSION ^ 
 +| 77 | Full access | 
 +| 40 | Access existing files in directory according to their protection | 
 +| 10 | Connect without password; Undelete files; Delete/Expunge all files; \\ Change file dates, times, accounting information | 
 +| 04 | Create files | 
 +| 00 | No access | 
 + 
 + 
 +PROTECTIONS are grouped together in a set of 3, and correspond as:
  
    @SET DIRECTORY PROTECTION <LOGIN> 777700    @SET DIRECTORY PROTECTION <LOGIN> 777700
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                                        \____ your (owner) login                                        \____ your (owner) login
  
-   Such that, you and users in your group have full access to the +Such that, you and users in your group have full access to the directory <LOGIN>, while all other users have no access. 
-   directory <LOGIN>, while all other users have no access.+ 
 +If you are used to UNIX file permissions you should be immediately impressed that under TOPS-20 you can create a file that: 
 + 
 +  - Does not show up in a directory listing 
 +  - That is not readable even if you know its name 
 +  - That is appendable to all users 
 + 
 +==== 9. How do I access the 'BBOARD' ? ==== 
 + 
 + 
 +The TWENEX bboard is a publically accessible mail box which users of TWENEX.ORG can use to communicate with each other.
  
-   If you are used to UNIX file permissions you should be immediately +In your initial LOGIN.CMD the bboard's latest message is called upon login.  You can always re-read the last message posted to the bboard by issuing 'BBOARD /LAST' at the EXEC prompt.
-   impressed that under TOPS-20 you can create a file that:+
  
-   1. Does not show up in a directory listing +**To send a message:**
-   2. That is not readable even if you know its name +
-   3. That is appendable to all users+
  
-9. How do I access the 'BBOARD' ?+Simply use 'MAIL BBOARD' to POST or REPLY to a message on the BBOARD.
  
-   The TWENEX bboard is a publically accessible mail box which +**To read a message:**
-   users of TWENEX.ORG can use to communicate with each other.+
  
-   In your initial LOGIN.CMD the bboard's latest message is called +The 'BBOARD' command allows you to read and scan messages on the bboard using various criteria.  You can also use 'MM' to browse the bboard by typing 'BBOARD MAIL' from within 'MM'.
-   upon login.  You can always re-read the last message posted to +
-   the bboard by issuing 'BBOARD /LAST' at the EXEC prompt.+
  
-   TO SEND A MESSAGE:+==== 10. How can I use 'COMMODE', 'TALK', 'SEND' or 'PHONE'? ====
  
-     Simply use 'MAIL BBOARD' to POST or REPLY to a message on 
-     the BBOARD. 
  
-   TO READ A MESSAGE:+In order to use these to CONVERSE with other users logged in to TWENEX.ORG, you must have 'TERMINAL RECEIVE LINKS' set.  While using 'TALK' you can either use the EXEC comment character ';' to prefix your lines, run 'REMARK' so EXEC doesn't interpret your input as commands or run COMMODE (CHAT) which will prefix all conversation lines with the user's LOGIN name.
  
-     The 'BBOARD' command allows you to read and scan messages +'SEND' does not LINK TTYs, but allows users to send messages back and forth.  Once you have received a message from a user, you can 'REPLY' to respond to the sender.
-     on the bboard using various criteria.  You can also use +
-     'MM' to browse the bboard by typing 'BBOARD MAIL' from +
-     within 'MM'+
  
-10. How can I use 'COMMODE', 'TALK', 'SEND' or 'PHONE'?+'PHONE' is probably the most elaborate CHAT system.  It allows you to see who is online, if they're willing to receive links and so on.
  
-    In order to use these to CONVERSE with other users logged +Please note that it is not consider respectable to just randomly LINK to user's TTYs.  If you want to 'TALK' with someone you've never talked to before, please use 'SEND' or 'MAIL' first.  If you don't get a response, don't push it.
-    in to TWENEX.ORG, you must have 'TERMINAL RECEIVE LINKS' +
-    set.  While using 'TALK' you can either use the EXEC +
-    comment character ';' to prefix your lines, run 'REMARK' +
-    so EXEC doesn't interpret your input as commands or run +
-    COMMODE (CHAT) which will prefix all conversation lines +
-    with the user's LOGIN name.+
  
-    'SEND' does not LINK TTYs, but allows users to send messages +If you wish to not have messages sent to your TERMINAL, type:
-    back and forth.  Once you have received a message from a +
-    user, you can 'REPLY' to respond to the sender.+
  
-    'PHONE' is probably the most elaborate CHAT system.  It +  @TERMINAL NO RECEIVE LINKS 
-    allows you to see who is online, if they're willing to +   
-    receive links and so on.+==== 11. Can I access USENET via my TOPS-20 account? ====
  
-    Please note that it is not consider respectable to just +Yes, the 'NEWS' program can be used to access the NNTP server 'news.sdf.org'.  Due to limitations with NEWS, only a select groups are available.  Groups can be added by posting to the 'bboard'.
-    randomly LINK to user's TTYs.  If you want to 'TALK' with +
-    someone you've never talked to before, please use 'SEND' +
-    or 'MAIL' first.  If you don't get a response, don't push it.+
  
-    If you wish to not have messages sent to your TERMINAL, type: 
-    TERMINAL NO RECEIVE LINKS. 
  
tutorials/starter.1373124058.txt.gz · Last modified: 2013/07/06 15:20 by smj

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